Geothermal Services

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How Different Geothermal Systems Work (Homeowner Guide)

Geothermal heating and cooling systems use the steady temperature of the earth to heat your home in winter and cool it in summer. While the equipment inside the home looks similar, the way heat is exchanged with the ground can differ.

Below are the three most common types explained in simple terms.

What it is:
This system uses natural groundwater instead of buried pipes.

How it works:

• Water is pumped from a well, pond, or lake
• The water passes through the geothermal unit inside your home
• Heat is taken from (or added to) the water
• The water is then returned to the ground or discharged elsewhere

Why it works well:
Groundwater stays at a fairly constant temperature year-round, so the system works efficiently even in extreme weather.

Things to consider:

• Requires a reliable water source
• Local rules may limit where water can be discharged
• Water quality can affect maintenance needs

Best for:
Homes with good access to groundwater and fewer local restrictions.

What it is:
This system uses deep holes drilled straight down into the ground.

How it works:

• One or more narrow holes are drilled several hundred feet deep
• Plastic piping is placed in the holes and sealed
• A fluid circulates inside the pipes
• Heat is exchanged with the earth surrounding the pipes

Why it works well:
Deep ground temperatures stay very stable all year, making this one of the most reliable geothermal options.

Things to consider:

• Higher upfront cost due to drilling
• Very little yard space needed
• Extremely long-lasting system

Best for:
Smaller lots, urban areas, or homeowners who want the most consistent performance.

What it is:
This system uses shallow trenches spread out across the yard.

How it works:

• Trenches are dug several feet deep
• Long loops of pipe are placed horizontally in the soil
• The trenches are filled back in
• Fluid circulates through the pipes to exchange heat with the ground

Why it works well:
The system captures stored solar heat from the soil and uses it to heat or cool your home.

Things to consider:

• Requires more land than a vertical system
• Soil conditions and moisture affect performance
• Lower installation cost than deep drilling

Best for:
Homes with plenty of open land and fewer space limitations.